1  5479 136 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2  5266  35 PROMOTED INTERACTION OF C/EBPALPHA WITH DEMETHYLATED CXCR3 GENE PROMOTER CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER NEUROPATHIC PAIN CONDITION REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE WE INVESTIGATED HOW CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3 IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) IN MICE. SNL INCREASED CXCR3 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE NEURONS OF THE SPINAL CORD. MEANWHILE, THE CPG (5'-CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE-3') ISLAND IN THE CXCR3 GENE PROMOTER REGION WAS DEMETHYLATED, AND THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) WAS DECREASED. SNL ALSO INCREASED THE BINDING OF CCAAT (CYTIDINE-CYTIDINE-ADENOSINE-ADENOSINE-THYMIDINE)/ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA (C/EBPALPHA) WITH CXCR3 PROMOTER AND DECREASED THE BINDING OF DNMT3B WITH CXCR3 PROMOTER IN THE SPINAL CORD. C/EBPALPHA EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED IN SPINAL NEURONS AFTER SNL, AND INHIBITION OF C/EBPALPHA BY INTRATHECAL SMALL INTERFERING RNA ATTENUATED SNL-INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY AND REDUCED CXCR3 EXPRESSION. FURTHERMORE, SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND HEAT HYPERALGESIA WERE MARKEDLY REDUCED IN CXCR3(-/-) MICE. SPINAL INHIBITION OF CXCR3 BY SHRNA OR CXCR3 ANTAGONIST ALSO ATTENUATED ESTABLISHED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. MOREOVER, CXCL10, THE LIGAND OF CXCR3, WAS INCREASED IN SPINAL NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES AFTER SNL. SUPERFUSING SPINAL CORD SLICES WITH CXCL10 ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EPSCS AND POTENTIATED NMDA-INDUCED AND AMPA-INDUCED CURRENTS OF LAMINA II NEURONS. FINALLY, INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF CXCL10 INDUCED CXCR3-DEPENDENT PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN NAIVE MICE. COLLECTIVELY, OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT CXCR3, INCREASED BY DNA DEMETHYLATION AND THE ENHANCED INTERACTION WITH C/EBPALPHA, CAN BE ACTIVATED BY CXCL10 TO FACILITATE EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE MAINTENANCE OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY INDUCES CHANGES OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. CXCR3 IS A CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR. WHETHER IT IS INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND HOW IT IS REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT SPINAL NERVE LIGATION DOWNREGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B, WHICH MAY CAUSE DEMETHYLATION OF CXCR3 GENE PROMOTER AND FACILITATE THE BINDING OF CCAAT/ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA WITH CXCR3 PROMOTER AND FURTHER INCREASE CXCR3 EXPRESSION IN SPINAL NEURONS. THE UPREGULATED CXCR3 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY FACILITATING CENTRAL SENSITIZATION. OUR STUDY REVEALS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM UNDERLYING CXCR3 EXPRESSION AND ALSO SUGGESTS THAT TARGETING THE EXPRESSION OR ACTIVATION OF CXCR3 SIGNALING MAY OFFER NEW THERAPEUTICS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2017	

3  1632  36 DNMTS ARE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITIONS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) PATHOGENESIS IS CLOSELY RELATED TO TISSUE REMODELING, INCLUDING EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT). EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY KEY ROLES IN EMT. DNA METHYLATION, MEDIATED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS), IS AN EPIGENETIC MARKER THAT IS CRITICAL TO EMT. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER DNMTS WERE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EMT AND ELUCIDATE THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE CULTURES. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT ACTIVITY WERE QUANTIFIED. DNMT EXPRESSION WAS MEASURED USING REAL-TIME PCR (QRT-PCR) IN HUMAN CRS TISSUES. MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS OF DNMTS, E-CADHERIN, VIMENTIN, ALPHA-SMA, AND FIBRONECTIN WERE DETERMINED USING RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOTTING, RESPECTIVELY. DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B GENE EXPRESSION WERE KNOCKED DOWN USING SIRNA TRANSFECTION. MAPK PHOSPHORYLATION AND EMT-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR LEVELS WERE DETERMINED USING WESTERN BLOTTING. SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE ANALYZED USING SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF MAPK. WE DEMONSTRATED THESE DATA IN PRIMARY NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE CULTURES. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, DNMT ACTIVITY, AND DNMT EXPRESSION INCREASED IN CRS TISSUES. DNMT EXPRESSION WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH LUND-MCKAY CT SCORES. TGF-BETA1 DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INDUCED DNMT EXPRESSION. FURTHER, 5-AZA INHIBITED TGF-BETA1-INDUCED DNMT, SNAIL, AND SLUG EXPRESSION RELATED TO EMT, AS WELL AS P38 AND JNK PHOSPHORYLATION IN A549 CELLS AND TGF-BETA1-INDUCED DNMT EXPRESSION AND EMT IN PRIMARY NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE CULTURES. TGF-BETA1-INDUCED DNMT EXPRESSION LEADS TO DNA METHYLATION AND EMT VIA P38, JNK, SNAIL, AND SLUG SIGNALING PATHWAYS. INHIBITION OF DNMT SUPPRESSED THE EMT PROCESS AND THEREFORE IS POTENTIALLY A CRS THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  6660  37 UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 THROUGH PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. AIM AND METHODS: CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION IS A COMMON CLINICAL PROBLEM, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS YET ARE INCOMPLETELY DEFINED. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY PAIN CONDITION REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED HOW CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) IN RATS. RESULTS: INTRAPLANTAR INJECTION OF CFA COULD NOT ONLY INDUCE SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA IN RATS, BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF CXCR4 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG). INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF CXCR4 ANTAGONIST AMD3100 SIGNIFICANTLY RELIEVED HYPERALGESIA IN INFLAMMATORY RATS IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR DEMONSTRATE THAT CFA INJECTION LED TO A SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLAND AT CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. CONSISTENTLY, THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED AFTER CFA INJECTION. ONLINE SOFTWARE PREDICTION REVEALS THREE BINDING SITES OF P65 IN THE CPG ISLAND OF CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER, WHICH HAS CONFIRMED BY THE CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY, CFA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. INHIBITION OF NF-KB SIGNALING USING P65 INHIBITOR PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE INCREASES OF THE CXCR4 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 EXPRESSION DUE TO PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION FOLLOWED BY INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO PROMOTER OF CXCR4 GENE CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN FROM AN EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  2326  40 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) ACCOUNTS FOR ~10% OF LEUKEMIA CASES, AND ITS PROGRESSION INVOLVES EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR AND ITS TARGET MICRORNA, MIR-143, IN ADVANCED CML. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE FIRST ISOLATED BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 70 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML AND FROM HEALTHY DONORS AS NORMAL CONTROL; WE ALSO CULTURED K562 AND KCL22 CELLS, TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUG; MTT ASSAY, FLOW CYTOMETRY, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP), WESTERN BLOT, LUCIFERASE ASSAY, RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (RIP) ASSAY WERE PERFORMED. RESULT: AS MEASURED BY QPCR, HOTAIR EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS, KCL22 CELLS, AND SAMPLES FROM CASES OF ADVANCED-STAGE CML INCREASED WITH LEVELS OF SEVERAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND HISTONE DEACETYLATES, INCLUDING DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, AND LSD1, AND MIR-143 LEVELS WERE DECREASED AND HOTAIR LEVELS WERE INCREASED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, DECREASED DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, LSD1 MRNA, PROTEIN LEVELS, AND HOTAIR MRNA LEVELS BUT INCREASED MIR-143 LEVELS. HOTAIR KNOCKDOWN AND MIR-143 OVEREXPRESSION BOTH INHIBITED PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTED APOPTOSIS IN KCL22 AND K562 CELLS THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY. RNA PULL-DOWN, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND RIP ASSAYS SHOWED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH EZH2 AND LSD1. A DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH MIR-143. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THE KEY EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS OF HOTAIR RELATED TO CML PROGRESSION AND SUGGEST HOTAIR AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ADVANCED CML. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE USE OF DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AS A CML TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
6   479  42 ARSENIC TRIOXIDE INHIBITS DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE AND RESTORES TMS1 GENE EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS. BACKGROUND: GENE SILENCING ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT METHYLATION OF PROMOTER REGION CPG ISLANDS IS AN ACQUIRED EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THAT SERVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GENETIC DEFECTS IN THE INACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN HUMAN CANCERS. THE DEMETHYLATING, DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF ARSENIC TRIOXIDE (AS2O3) ON SEVERAL TUMOR-RELATED GENES HAS ALREADY BEEN POSTULATED. HOWEVER, WHETHER SUCH A DEMETHYLATING EFFECT ALSO APPLIES TO THE TMS1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELL LINE K562 CELLS HAS NOT BEEN STUDIED SO FAR. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO DETECT THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE TMS1 GENE IN K562 CELLS AND THE DEMETHYLATION EFFECT OF AS2O3 ON TMS1 AS WELL AS TMS1 APOPTOSIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN BCL-2/BAX AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) EXPRESSION. METHODS: TMS1 MRNA EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS AND NORMAL BONE MARROW WAS DETERMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION (RT) POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), AND THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF THE TMS1 PROMOTER IN K562 CELLS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF AS2O3 FOR 48 H WAS DETERMINED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR. RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT WERE USED TO DETECT TMS1 AND DNMT EXPRESSION. WE ALSO ASSESSED TMS1-ASSOCIATED APOPTOSIS PROTEIN BCL-2/BAX EXPRESSION BY WESTERN BLOT AND APOPTOSIS RATES BY FLOW CYTOMETRY USING ANNEXIN V/PROPIDIUM IODIDE DOUBLE STAINING. RESULTS: IN K562 CELLS, TMS1 WAS COMPLETELY METHYLATED AND BOTH TMS1 MRNA AND PROTEIN SHOWED A LOW EXPRESSION, BUT 2 MUMOL/L AS2O3 COULD SIGNIFICANTLY RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF THE TMS1 GENE BOTH AT MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL (P < 0.01) BY FULLY REVERSING DNA METHYLATION. AS2O3 DECREASED MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 (P < 0.05) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. FLOW CYTOMETRY SHOWED THAT IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (2 MUMOL/L AS2O3), CELL APOPTOSIS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP (NO AS2O3; P < 0.05). IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP, WESTERN BLOT SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION OF THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEIN BCL-2 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED; HOWEVER, THE PROAPOPTOTIC PROTEIN BAX WAS MARKEDLY INCREASED AND THE BCL-2/BAX RATIO WAS MARKEDLY REDUCED (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AS2O3 COULD RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF TMS1 BY INHIBITING DNMT TO REVERSE THE HYPERMETHYLATION AND INDUCED APOPTOSIS OF K562 CELLS BY DOWNREGULATION OF BCL-2/BAX EXPRESSION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  2300  27 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY: IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS KNOWN TO BE UP-REGULATED IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AT DAY 7 POST-INJURY WERE INHIBITED ONLY WHEN ANTI-BDNF ANTIBODY WAS INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTRATED AT DAY 2 POST-INJURY. CONSISTENT WITH BEHAVIORAL RESULTS, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE MARKEDLY INDUCED DURING EARLY STAGE POST-INJURY. MOREOVER, THE MAXIMAL INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG WAS OBSERVED AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED LEVELS WERE SUSTAINED FOR AT LEAST 14 DAYS. FOUR OF FIVE BDNF MRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE UP-REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND THE MOST INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WAS EXON I. USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, WE FOUND THAT NERVE INJURY PROMOTES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE MODIFICATIONS, AT BDNF PROMOTER I AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION REMAIN ELEVATED FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN INITIAL INCREASE IN BDNF EXON I EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8  1320  27 DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS IS IMPLICATED IN OPIOID-INDUCED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN RATS. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINE MAY RESULT IN OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (OIH), WHICH INVOLVES ALTERED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS GENES, INCLUDING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) NEURONS. YET, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR HOW BDNF EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF CERTAIN BDNF GENE PROMOTERS IN DRG NEURONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH. REAL-TIME RT-PCR WAS USED TO ASSESS CHANGES IN THE MRNA TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF MAJOR BDNF EXONS INCLUDING EXON I, II, IV, VI, AS WELL AS TOTAL BDNF MRNA IN DRGS FROM RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION. THE LEVELS OF EXON IV AND TOTAL BDNF MRNA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED BY REPEATED MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, AS COMPARED TO THAT IN SALINE CONTROL GROUP. FURTHER, ELISA ARRAY AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY STUDY REVEALED A ROBUST UPREGULATION OF BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. CORRESPONDINGLY, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF BDNF EXON IV PROMOTER SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION BY MORPHINE TREATMENT. IMPORTANTLY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF A BDNF ANTIBODY, BUT NOT CONTROL IGG, SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY THAT DEVELOPED IN RATS AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE TREATMENT. CONVERSELY, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF AN INHIBITOR OF DNA METHYLATION, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA-DC) MARKEDLY UPREGULATED THE BDNF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS AND ENHANCED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AFTER REPEATED MORPHINE EXPOSURE. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DEMETHYLATION REGULATION OF BDNF GENE PROMOTER MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIH THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DRG NEURONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9  5459  39 RESEARCH ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION MECHANISM OF THE PTPN6 GENE IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA. PTPN6, A TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE PROTEIN, PLAYS A NEGATIVE ROLE IN CELL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND IS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH TUMOUR FORMATION AND GROWTH. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC REGULATION MECHANISM OF THE PTPN6 GENE IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML) REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED BONE MARROW OR BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 44 CML PATIENTS AND 10 HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. KCL22 AND K562 CELLS WERE CULTURED AND TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. REAL TIME QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR, BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR, WESTERN BLOTTING, CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) WAS PERFORMED. PTPN6 WAS DOWN-REGULATED IN CELL LINES AND PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED PHASE CML, WHEREAS DNMT1, DNMT3A, MECP2, MBD2 AND HDAC1 WERE UP-REGULATED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, DECITABINE, SODIUM VALPROATE AND LBH589 INCREASED PTPN6 EXPRESSION, BUT DECREASED THAT OF DNMT1, DNMT3A, MECP2, MBD2 AND HDAC1. IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND MASS SPECTROMETRY SHOWED THAT HDAC1 COMBINED DIRECTLY WITH PTPN6. CHIP-SEQ SHOWED THAT HDAC1 DID NOT COMBINE WITH THE PROMOTER REGION OF PTPN6, WHILE MAPK, AKT, STAT5, JAK2 AND MYC PROMOTER REGIONS ALL COMBINED WITH HDAC1. PTPN6 IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSION OF CML. LOW EXPRESSION LEVEL OF PTPN6 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION AND REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION. HDAC1 PARTICIPATES IN THE REGULATION OF PTPN6.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10  6612  25 ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE ENHANCES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN PTX-TREATED RATS: REGULATION ON GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING MAY HAVE A POSSIBLE ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT; THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE GLOBAL PATTERNS OF LYSINE HISTONE MODIFICATION. IN THIS SERIAL STUDY WE ANALYZED THE LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 MONOMETHYLATION, HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 DIMETHYLATION, AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION IN PERTUSSIS TOXIN (PTX)-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIC RAT SPINAL CORDS. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS IMPLANTED WITH AN INTRATHECAL CATHETER RECEIVED A SINGLE INTRATHECAL PTX (1 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION. FOUR DAYS LATER, THEY WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE EITHER A SINGLE INJECTION OF SALINE, OR ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE (15 NG IN 5 MUL SALINE), FOLLOWED BY MORPHINE (10 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION 30 MINUTES LATER. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PTX INJECTION INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORDS. INTRATHECAL MORPHINE ALONE DID NOT AFFECT THE THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. IN CONTRAST, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE PLUS MORPHINE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE PTX-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND DOWN-REGULATED THE GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE MIGHT BE CLINICAL VALUABLE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT VIA REGULATING GLOBAL HISTONE MODIFICATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11  2302  39 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CANCER STEM CELL MARKER CD133 BY TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA. HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER MORTALITY WORLDWIDE. CD133, A TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN, IS AN IMPORTANT CELL SURFACE MARKER FOR BOTH STEM CELLS AND CANCER STEM CELLS IN VARIOUS TISSUES INCLUDING LIVER. CD133 EXPRESSION HAS BEEN RECENTLY LINKED TO POOR PROGNOSIS IN HCC PATIENTS. CD133+ LIVER CANCER CELLS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY RESISTANCE TO CHEMOTHERAPY, SELF-RENEWAL, MULTILINEAGE POTENTIAL, INCREASED COLONY FORMATION, AND IN VIVO CANCER INITIATION AT LIMITED DILUTION. RECENT STUDIES DEMONSTRATE THAT CD133 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA (TGFBETA), A MULTIFUNCTIONAL CYTOKINE THAT PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN CHRONIC LIVER INJURY, IN THE REGULATION OF CD133 EXPRESSION. TGFBETA1 IS CAPABLE OF UP-REGULATING CD133 EXPRESSION SPECIFICALLY WITHIN THE HUH7 HCC CELL LINE IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOST IMPORTANT, TGFBETA1-INDUCED CD133+ HUH7 CELLS DEMONSTRATE INCREASED TUMOR INITIATION IN VIVO. FORCED EXPRESSION OF INHIBITORY SMADS, INCLUDING SMAD6 AND SMAD7, ATTENUATED TGFBETA1-INDUCED CD133 EXPRESSION. WITHIN CD133- HUH7 CELLS, TGFBETA1 STIMULATION INHIBITED THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) 1 AND DNMT3BETA, WHICH ARE CRITICAL IN THE MAINTENANCE OF REGIONAL DNA METHYLATION, AND GLOBAL DNMT ACTIVITY IN CD133- HUH7 CELLS WAS INHIBITED BY TGFBETA1. DNMT3BETA INHIBITION BY TGFBETA1 WAS PARTIALLY RESCUED WITH OVEREXPRESSION OF INHIBITORY SMADS. LASTLY, TGFBETA1 TREATMENT LED TO SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION IN CD133 PROMOTER-1 IN CD133- HUH7 CELLS. CONCLUSION: TGFBETA1 IS ABLE TO REGULATE CD133 EXPRESSION THROUGH INHIBITION OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3BETA EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENT DEMETHYLATION OF PROMOTER-1. TGFBETA1-INDUCED CD133+ HUH7 CELLS ARE TUMORIGENIC. THE MECHANISM BY WHICH TGFBETA INDUCES CD133 EXPRESSION IS PARTIALLY DEPENDENT ON THE SMADS PATHWAY.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12  3810  25 INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE INHIBITS GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND METHYL- CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 EXPRESSION AND ALLEVIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS FOLLOWING CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY. THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN REGULATING EXPRESSION OF PRO- OR ANTINOCICEPTIVE GENES. DNA METHYLATION IS A MAJOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN VERTEBRATES, AND METHYL- CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) IS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN METHYLATION-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING. TO DETERMINE HOW CHANGES IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION OCCUR FOLLOWING CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND HOW REPRESSION OF DNA METHYLATION AFFECTS THESE CHANGES AND ATTENUATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN, WE USED INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, IN CCI RATS. RATS RECEIVED 0.9% SALINE OR 5-AZACYTIDINE (10MUMOL.D(-1)) VIA SPINAL INJECTION ONCE DAILY FROM DAY 3 TO DAY 14 AFTER CCI SURGERY. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION INCREASED IN THE SPINAL CORD IN CCI RATS ON DAY 14 AFTER CCI SURGERY. MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY CCI WERE ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE FROM DAY 5 TO DAY 14 AFTER CCI SURGERY. THE INCREASES IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD IN CCI RATS WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED BY INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD AFTER NERVE DAMAGE MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. 5-AZACYTIDINE SHOWS POTENTIAL FOR TREATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  1631  38 DNMT3A METHYLATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BACKGROUND: MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR) PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MEDIATING ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF OPIOIDS AND IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOLOGIES OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE REPORTED THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY DOWNREGULATES MOR EXPRESSION, BUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REMAIN UNKNOWN. OBJECTIVE: THEREFORE, WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE3A (DNMT3A) EXPRESSION OR METHYLATION CHANGES WITHIN MOR PROMOTER IN THE SPINAL CORD IN A NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) MOUSE MODEL AND FURTHER DETERMINED WHETHER THESE INJURY-ASSOCIATED CHANGES ARE REVERSIBLE BY PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS. METHODS: A CCI MOUSE MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED AND TISSUE SPECIMENS OF LUMBAR SPINAL CORDS WERE COLLECTED. THE NOCICEPTION THRESHOLD WAS EVALUATED BY A MODEL HEATED 400 BASE. DNMT3A AND MOR MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL WERE DETECTED BY REAL-TIME-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOT, RESPECTIVELY. METHYLATION OF DNMT3A GENE WAS MEASURED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR. RESULTS: OUR DATA SHOWED THAT CHRONIC NERVE INJURY LED TO A SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION OF DNMT3A EXPRESSION THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED METHYLATION OF MOR GENE PROMOTER AND DECREASED MOR PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD. INHIBITION OF DNMT3A CATALYTIC ACTIVITY WITH DNMT INHIBITOR RG108 SIGNIFICANTLY BLOCKED THE INCREASE IN METHYLATION OF THE MOR PROMOTER, AND THEN UPREGULATED MOR EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MICE. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT AN INCREASE OF DNMT3A EXPRESSION AND MOR METHYLATION EPIGENETICALLY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. TARGETING DNMT3A TO THE PROMOTER OF MOR GENE BY DNMT INHIBITOR MAY BE A PROMISING APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW NEUROPATHIC PAIN THERAPY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
14  3832  32 INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL SIRT1 IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIRTUIN TYPE 1 (SIRT1), AN NAD(+) DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE, AFFECTED ALLODYNIA AND HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED BY LIGATURE OF THE RIGHT SCIATIC NERVE TO INDUCE CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) IN RATS. HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED AND, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY WAS DECLINED IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL DORSA HORN IN CCI RATES BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). THE PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA AND ALLODYNIA CAUSED BY CCI WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UPREGULATION OF ACETYLATED-H3 (AC-H3) IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL CORD BY WESTERN BLOT ASSAY, WHICH WAS REVERSED AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 AGONIST SRT1720. SRT1720 TREATMENT ACHIEVED ANALGESIC THROUGH INHIBITING THE ACETYLATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND BLOCKING THE RELEASES OF THE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS INCLUDING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 BY MEANS OF WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-PCR), RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 IN THE SPINAL CORD PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE RAT MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
15  5976  20 TET1-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS MEDIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) MEDIATES THE CONVERSION OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5 MC) TO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5 HMC), HENCE PROMOTING DNA DEMETHYLATION. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE LINKED THE DNA DEMETHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES TO PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, THE ROLE OF SPINAL TET1-DEPENDENT DNA DEMETHYLATION IN NOCICEPTION HYPERSENSITIVITY DEVELOPMENT REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE, WE REPORT CORRELATED WITH BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA, SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) UPREGULATED TET1 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN NEURONS THAT HYDROXYLATE 5 MC TO 5 HMC AT CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER TO PROMOTE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION. FOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL TET1 EXPRESSION DECREASED TET1 BINDING AND 5 HMC ENRICHMENT, FURTHER INCREASED 5 MC ENRICHMENT AT CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER AND DECREASED SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY THE ALLEVIATION OF THE DEVELOPED ALLODYNIA. MOREOVER, AT DAY 7 AFTER OPERATION, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION ALSO INHIBITED THE BINDING OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS, I.E., DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B) TO THE BDNF PROMOTER, A REQUIREMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING BY CATALYSING 5-CYTOSINE (5C) TO 5 MC. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST AT CPG SITES OF THE BDNF PROMOTER, SNL-ENHANCED TET1 EXPRESSION PROMOTES DNA DEMETHYLATION BOTH BY CONVERTING 5 MC TO 5 HMC AND INHIBITING DNMT BINDING TO REGULATE SPINAL BDNF EXPRESSION, HENCE CONTRIBUTING TO BEHAVIORAL ALLODYNIA DEVELOPMENT.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16  3459  27 HYPOMETHYLATION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) PROMOTES BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA AND CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PAIN USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY TISSUE DAMAGE AND INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN REMAINS UNCLEAR. METHODS: WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA), EXPLORED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG ISLANDS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE NGF GENE, AND CLARIFIED THE FUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF C/EBPALPHA-NGF SIGNALING PATHWAY FROM EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN MODEL. RESULTS: CFA INDUCED SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA AND CONTINUOUS UPREGULATION OF NGF MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE L4-6 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIONS (DRGS) IN RATS. HYPOMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS OCCURRED IN THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CFA TREATMENT. AT THE SAME TIME, THE MIR-29B EXPRESSION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, WHILE THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) LEVEL REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY. MOREOVER, CFA TREATMENT PROMOTED BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA TO THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AND C/EBPALPHA SIRNA TREATMENT OBVIOUSLY DECREASED EXPRESSION OF NGF LEVELS AND ALSO ALLEVIATE INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA SIGNIFICANTLY IN RATS. CONCLUSION: COLLECTIVELY, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT CFA LEADS TO THE UPREGULATION OF MIR-29B LEVEL, WHICH REPRESSES THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B, ENHANCES THE DEMETHYLATION OF THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION, AND PROMOTES THE BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA WITH THE NGF GENE PROMOTER, THUS RESULTS IN THE UPREGULATION OF NGF GENE EXPRESSION AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17  3175  33 H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION REGULATED BY P38 IS INVOLVED IN BIM EXPRESSION AND APOPTOSIS IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA CELLS INDUCED BY IMATINIB. INCREASING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT HISTONE H2AX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN REGULATION OF TUMOR CELL APOPTOSIS AND ACTS AS A NOVEL HUMAN TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN. HOWEVER, THE ACTION OF H2AX IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML) CELLS IS UNKNOWN. THE DETAILED MECHANISM AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY H2AX REMAIN ELUSIVE IN CANCER CELLS. HERE, WE REPORT THAT H2AX WAS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS OF CML CELLS. OVEREXPRESSION OF H2AX INCREASED APOPTOTIC SENSITIVITY OF CML CELLS (K562) INDUCED BY IMATINIB. HOWEVER, OVEREXPRESSION OF SER139-MUTATED H2AX (BLOCKING PHOSPHORYLATION) DECREASED SENSITIVITY OF K562 CELLS TO APOPTOSIS. SIMILARLY, KNOCKDOWN OF H2AX MADE K562 CELLS RESISTANT TO APOPTOTIC INDUCTION. THESE RESULTS REVEALED THAT THE FUNCTION OF H2AX INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS IS STRICTLY RELATED TO ITS PHOSPHORYLATION (SER139). OUR DATA FURTHER INDICATED THAT IMATINIB MAY STIMULATE MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) FAMILY MEMBER P38, AND H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION FOLLOWED A SIMILAR TIME COURSE, SUGGESTING A PARALLEL RESPONSE. H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION CAN BE BLOCKED BY P38 SIRNA OR ITS INHIBITOR. THESE DATA DEMONSTRATED THAT H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION WAS REGULATED BY P38 MAPK PATHWAY IN K562 CELLS. HOWEVER, THE P38 MAPK DOWNSTREAM, MITOGEN- AND STRESS-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE-1 AND -2, WHICH PHOSPHORYLATED HISTONE H3, WERE NOT REQUIRED FOR H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION DURING APOPTOSIS. FINALLY, WE PROVIDED EPIGENETIC EVIDENCE THAT H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION REGULATED APOPTOSIS-RELATED GENE BIM EXPRESSION. BLOCKING OF H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION INHIBITED BIM GENE EXPRESSION. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA DEMONSTRATED THAT H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION REGULATED BY P38 IS INVOLVED IN BIM EXPRESSION AND APOPTOSIS IN CML CELLS INDUCED BY IMATINIB.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
18  3809  37 INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZACYTIDINE ALLEVIATES NERVE INJURY-INDUCED PAIN IN RATS BY MODULATING DNA METHYLATION. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MODULATING CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP), IDENTIFY POSSIBLE TARGET GENES OF DNA METHYLATION INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS, AND PRELIMINARILY CONFIRM THE MEDICINAL VALUE OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE (5-AZA) IN NPP BY TARGETING GENE METHYLATION. TWO RAT NPP MODELS, CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL), WERE USED. THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD WERE ASSAYED USING AN ARRAYSTAR RAT REFSEQ PROMOTER ARRAY. THE UNDERLYING GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION WERE THEN IDENTIFIED AND SUBMITTED TO GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION QUANTITATIVE PCR (MEDIP-QPCR) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR (RT-QPCR) WERE USED TO CONFIRM GENE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION. THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF 5-AZA IN NPP AND GENE EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED VIA BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS AND RT-QPCR, RESPECTIVELY. ANALYSIS OF THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD INDICATED THAT 1205 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS IN CCI RATS WERE LOCATED WITHIN DNA PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING 638 HYPERMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND 567 HYPOMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, GAD2, AND PPARG, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE PATHWAYS, WERE INCREASED WITH A CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION, IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF CCI RATS. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT THE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF 5-AZA (4 MG/KG) ATTENUATED CCI- OR SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA. FINALLY, THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES SUCH AS GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, AND GAD2 WAS REVERSED AFTER 5-AZA TREATMENT. CCI INDUCED WIDESPREAD METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE DNA PROMOTER REGIONS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD. INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZA ALLEVIATED HYPERALGESIA IN CCI AND SNL RATS, AN EFFECT ACCOMPANIED BY THE REVERSED EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES. THUS, DNA METHYLATION INHIBITION REPRESENTS A PROMISING EPIGENETIC STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CHRONIC NPP FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY. OUR STUDY LAYS A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR 5-AZA TO BECOME A CLINICAL TARGETED DRUG.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  1826  43 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20  1800  23 EFFECT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: INCREASED PAIN SENSITIVITY IS OBSERVED FOLLOWING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, AND ATTEMPTS TO ALLEVIATE THIS HYPERALGESIA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE CYCLE OF ADDICTION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA WAS OBSERVED IN A CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE MODEL AND IF THIS PAIN WAS AFFECTED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS, THUS REVEALING AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. METHODS: ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS RECEIVED LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID CONTROL OR ETHANOL (9% V/V) DIET FOR 15 DAYS. MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY HAIR STIMULATION OF THE HINDPAW DURING ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND 24- AND 72-HOUR WITHDRAWAL. RESULTS: ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL PRODUCED SEVERE AND SUSTAINED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA, AN EFFECT NOT OBSERVED IN THE CONTROL OR ETHANOL-MAINTAINED GROUPS. FURTHERMORE, THIS HYPERALGESIA WAS ATTENUATED BY THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT. CONCLUSIONS: HEIGHTENED PAIN SENSITIVITY WAS OBSERVED FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS COULD BE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THIS ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA.	2019